Description
Ratio of mtDNA to nDNA (mtDNA:nDNA)
Mitochondria have their own genome – their own DNA. The ratio of mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) to nDNA (nuclear DNA) makes it possible to calculate the number of mitochondria per cell. This ratio can be used as a marker of mitochondrial dysfunction, because a decline indicates that replication (mitobiogenesis) is not occurring, and that mitochondrial numbers are decreasing. This is a sign of cellular distress that may be due to toxins, infection, inflammation, or a number of different causes. Various metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases are associated with reduced numbers of mitochondria, which also lead to ATP deficiency:
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